A LinkedIn article where I argued that data validity - encompassing legal compliance and privacy considerations - should be recognised as a fifth critical dimension of big data alongside IBM’s original four Vs (Volume, Variety, Velocity, and Veracity).

This was written just days before GDPR went live and the timing felt right. The industry had spent years obsessing over how much data it could collect, how fast, and how varied… but almost nobody was asking whether they had the legal right to use it. That question was about to become the most important one.

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